Who was John Bardeen?

John Bardeen was a physicist who played a key role in the development of transistors and integrated circuits. He is one of only two people to have won the Nobel Prize twice and the only one to have won twice in physics. His work has had a profound impact on the modern world. Born in Wisconsin in 1908, Bardeen studied engineering at Princeton University before moving to the University of Chicago for his PhD in physics. It was there that he met Walter Brattain, with whom he would later develop the first working transistor. In 1956, Bardeen, Brattain, and colleague William Shockley shared the Nobel Prize in Physics for their work on semiconductors. Bardeen went on to develop the theory of superconductivity, for which he received his second Nobel Prize in 1972. He continued to work as a professor at the University of Illinois until his death in 1991. John Bardeen was a groundbreaking physicist whose work helped to shape the modern world.